功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解毒消肿，涩肠，止血。

Detoxify, reduce swelling, astringe the intestines, and stop bleeding.

主治 Indications

疮痈肿痛，溃破不敛，瘰疬，痔疮，痢疾，肠风下血。

Ulcers, abscesses, swelling and pain, non-healing ulcers, scrofula, hemorrhoids, dysentery, and bloody stools due to intestinal wind.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-10g；熬膏或烧灰研末。外用：煎水洗或熬膏敷。

Internal use: Decoction, 5-10g; or prepare as paste or ash by calcination and grind into powder. External use: Wash with decoction or apply as ointment.

注意事项 Precautions

《云南中草药》：孕妇及体弱者忌服。

"Yunnan Herbal Medicine": Contraindicated for pregnant women and those who are physically weak.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

树皮含鞣质3.70-14.44％。壳斗含鞣质3.41-5.13％。

The bark contains tannins at a concentration of 3.70–14.44%. The cupule contains tannins at a concentration of 3.41–5.13%.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《药性论》：“治恶疮，煎汤洗。”

"Medicinal Properties Treatise": "For treating malignant sores, decoct and wash."

2、《唐本草》：“水煎浓汁，除蛊及瘘。”

2. "Tang Materia Medica": "Decoct in water to make a concentrated solution, effective for dispelling gu (parasites) and treating fistulas."

3、《纲目》：“止赤白痢，肠风下血。”

3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Used to stop dysentery with bloody and white stools, as well as intestinal wind causing blood in the stool."

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治附骨疽：槲皮烧末，饮服方寸匕。（《千金方》）

Treating osteomyelitis: Burn the bark of Quercus, take one fangcunbi (ancient unit) with drink. (From "Qian Jin Fang")

2、治毒病下部生疮者：榉皮、槲皮合煮汁如粘糖以导之。（《补缺肘后方》）

2. Treating ulcers caused by toxic diseases in the lower body: Boil the bark of elm and Quercus together to make a thick juice, similar to syrup, and use it as an enema. (From "Bu Que Zhou Hou Fang")

3、洗诸败烂疮：槲树皮，切，三升，以水一斗，煮取五升，春、夏冷用，秋、冬温用。洗乳疮及诸败疮，洗了则敷膏。（《肘后方》赤龙皮汤）

3. Washing various rotten sores: Cut three sheng of oak bark, boil in one dou of water until reduced to five sheng. Use cold in spring and summer, warm in autumn and winter. Wash breast sores and all rotten sores, then apply ointment. (From "Zhou Hou Fang" - Chi Long Pi Tang)

4、治一切瘘疾：槲白皮，切，五升，水八升，煮令泣尽，去滓，再煎成膏，日服枣许，并涂疮上。宜食苜蓿盐饭以助之，以瘥为度。（《崔氏纂要方》）

4. Treating all kinds of fistula diseases: Cut five sheng of white oak bark, boil in eight sheng of water until reduced, remove impurities, then reboil to form a paste. Take daily with a portion the size of a jujube, and apply to the sore. It is recommended to eat alfalfa salted rice to assist recovery, continue until healed. (From "Cui Shi Zuan Yao Fang")

5、治小儿瘰疬：槲皮，去粗皮，切，煎汤频洗。（《圣惠方》）

5. Treating pediatric scrofula: Remove the coarse bark of Quercus, cut it, and boil to make a decoction for frequent washing. (From "Sheng Hui Fang")

6、治一切赤白痢久不差：干姜、槲白皮（姜汁炙五度）一两。上二味，捣罗为散，每服二钱匕，空心食前，温米饮调下。（《圣济总录》干姜散）

6. Treating chronic dysentery that does not improve: Use one liang each of dried ginger and white oak bark (roasted five times with ginger juice). Grind both ingredients into powder. Take two qianbi per dose on an empty stomach before meals, mixed with warm rice gruel. (From "Sheng Ji Zong Lu" - Gan Jiang San)

7、治赤白久痢：新槲皮一斤，去黑皮，切，以水一斗，煎取五升，去滓，煎膏和酒服。（《纲目》）

7. Treating chronic dysentery: Take one jin of fresh Quercus bark, remove black bark, cut it, boil in one dou of water until reduced to five sheng, strain, then reduce further to a paste and take with wine. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：9-11月剥取树皮，切片，晒干。

Harvesting and processing: From September to November, peel the bark, slice it, and dry it in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：壳斗科栎属植物槲树。

Species: Quercus variabilis Blume, belonging to the genus Quercus in the family Fagaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

落叶乔木，高可达25m，直径达1m许。树皮暗灰色，有深沟；小枝粗壮，淡黄色或灰黄色，被灰黄星状柔毛。叶互生，革质或近革质，阔倒卵形至倒卵状楔形，长10-20cm，亦有达30cm者，宽6-13cm或较宽，边缘具4-10对深波状齿或深裂，基部耳形，有时楔形，先端钝，上面深绿色，初有短柔毛，后无毛，下面有灰绵毛及星状毛；侧脉4-10对，直达齿端；叶柄长2-6mm。花单性，雌雄同株；雄花为柔荑花序，生于新枝叶腋，花被具灰白色绒毛，雄蕊8-10；雌花数朵集生于幼枝上，子房3室，柱头3。壳斗大，杯状，包围坚果1/2，鳞片披针形，呈覆瓦状排列，棕红色，薄，向外反卷。坚果卵形或椭圆形，长1.5-2.5cm，无毛。花期5-6月。果期10月以后。

Deciduous tree, up to 25m tall with a diameter of about 1m. Bark is dark gray with deep furrows; twigs are stout, pale yellow or grayish-yellow, covered with grayish-yellow stellate pubescence. Leaves alternate, leathery or nearly leathery, broadly obovate to obovate-cuneate, 10–20cm long (up to 30cm), 6–13cm wide or wider, margins with 4–10 pairs of deeply wavy teeth or lobes, base auriculate or sometimes cuneate, apex obtuse; upper surface dark green, initially short-pubescent, later glabrous; lower surface with gray tomentum and stellate hairs; lateral veins 4–10 pairs, extending to tooth tips; petiole 2–6mm long. Flowers unisexual, monoecious; male flowers in catkins arising from leaf axils of new shoots, perianth with grayish-white pubescence, stamens 8–10; female flowers several clustered on young shoots, ovary 3-chambered, stigma 3-lobed. Cupule large, cup-shaped, enclosing half of the nut, scales lanceolate, imbricate, reddish-brown, thin, reflexed outward. Nut ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5–2.5cm long, glabrous. Flowering from May to June. Fruiting from October onward.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布全国大部地区。

Distributed throughout most regions of China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于山地阳坡成疏林。

Grows in sparse forests on sunny slopes of mountains.